The Republic of India is the second most populous country in the world with 1.2 billion people and a literacy rate of 74%.
From being a comparatively destitute country in 1951, India has become a fast-growing major economy and a hub for information technology services, with an expanding middle class. It has a space programme which includes several planned or completed extraterrestrial missions. Indian movies, music, and spiritual teachings play an increasing role in global culture. India has substantially reduced its rate of poverty, though at the cost of increasing economic inequality.
India is a nuclear-weapon state, which ranks high in military expenditure. It has disputes over Kashmir with its neighbours, Pakistan and China, unresolved since the mid-20th century. Among the socio-economic challenges India faces are gender inequality, child malnutrition, and rising levels of air pollution.
India's land is megadiverse, with four biodiversity hotspots. Its forest cover comprises 21.7% of its area. India's wildlife, which has traditionally been viewed with tolerance in India's culture, is supported among these forests, and elsewhere, in protected habitats.
India is the largest democracy in the world and has adopted a parliamentary system of government with two legislative houses. The country is a union of the national capital, Delhi, 28 states and eight union territories. The central government has exclusive jurisdiction over all matters of national interest such as defence, communication, banking and currency, international trade and foreign affairs. The state governments have primary responsibility for matters such as law and order, education, health and agriculture.
The Indian rupee (INR) is the country’s currency. The country’s banking system is controlled and monitored by the Reserve Bank of India (Reserve Bank).
The functions of the Reserve Bank are divided into two distinct areas:
• The Issue department, which looks after issues of currency
• The Banking department, which regulates and supervises Indian banking.
The commercial banking system in India is fully developed with over 150 commercial banks which together have more than 110,000 offices/branches in various parts of the country.
The taxation system in India is such that the taxes are levied by the Central Government and the State Governments. Some minor taxes are also levied by the local authorities such as the Municipality and the Local Governments.
The Indian economy is rapidly integrating with the world economy. A foreign investor who wishes to undertake business in India will find tremendous opportunities. The country’s industrial policy offers a great deal of freedom to businesses and entrepreneurs to make their own investment decisions.
The central government’s liberalisation and economic reforms programme aims at rapid and substantial growth and integration with the global economy in a harmonised manner.
Industrial policy reforms have reduced industrial licensing requirements, removed restrictions on investments and expansion and facilitated easy access to foreign technology and foreign direct investment (FDI).
Investment in Indian companies can be made both by a foreign person (including individuals and entities) as well as resident Indian entities. Any non-resident investment in an Indian company is foreign direct investment (FDI). Investment by resident Indian entities could again comprise both resident and nonresident investment. Thus, an Indian company would have indirect foreign investment if the Indian investing company has foreign investment in it. Indirect investment can also be a cascading investment i.e. through multi-layered structure.
Foreign investments in an Indian company include all types of foreign investment i.e.:
• Equity instruments comprising of equity shares, convertible debentures, fully compulsorily
mandatorily convertible preference shares and share warrants issued by an Indian company
• Investment by foreign portfolio investors (FPI)
• Non-resident Indian (NRI)
• Securities other than capital instruments
• Investment in LLPs
• Investment by Foreign Venture Capital Funds (FVCIs)
• Indian Depository Receipts (IDRs).
Guidelines have been laid down for the calculation of total foreign investment i.e. direct and indirect foreign investment in, transfer of ownership and control in, and downstream investments by, an Indian company. Besides the entry conditions on foreign investment, the investment/investors need to conform to all relevant sector laws, regulations, rules etc. National security/internal security-related conditions (as contained in relevant statutes) will also have to be complied with. State governments/union territories have regulations in relation to matters in their legislative domain. These conditions also have to be met/complied with.
The Intellectual Property India is administered by the Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks (CGPDTM). This is a subordinate office of the Government of India and administers the Indian law of Patents, Designs, Trade Marks and Geographical Indications.
The law of India refers to the system of law across the Indian nation. India maintains a hybrid legal system with a mixture of civil, common law and customary, Islamic ethics, or religious law within the legal framework inherited from the colonial era and various legislation first introduced by the British are still in effect in modified forms today. Since the drafting of the Indian Constitution, Indian laws also adhere to the United Nations guidelines on human rights law and the environmental law.
India has a well-established and independent judicial system. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of appeal at New Delhi and high courts in the states along with subsidiary district courts enforce the rule of law and ensure the fundamental rights of citizens, which are guaranteed by the Constitution.
Our law firm VLO provides legal services for corporate and private clients in India. These services include mergers and acquisitions, business and debt restructuring, tax and tax disputes, corporate disputes, investments, bankruptcy, litigation and arbitration.
If you have questions, please us right now.
E-mail: vlolawfirm@gmail.com
From being a comparatively destitute country in 1951, India has become a fast-growing major economy and a hub for information technology services, with an expanding middle class. It has a space programme which includes several planned or completed extraterrestrial missions. Indian movies, music, and spiritual teachings play an increasing role in global culture. India has substantially reduced its rate of poverty, though at the cost of increasing economic inequality.
India is a nuclear-weapon state, which ranks high in military expenditure. It has disputes over Kashmir with its neighbours, Pakistan and China, unresolved since the mid-20th century. Among the socio-economic challenges India faces are gender inequality, child malnutrition, and rising levels of air pollution.
India's land is megadiverse, with four biodiversity hotspots. Its forest cover comprises 21.7% of its area. India's wildlife, which has traditionally been viewed with tolerance in India's culture, is supported among these forests, and elsewhere, in protected habitats.
India is the largest democracy in the world and has adopted a parliamentary system of government with two legislative houses. The country is a union of the national capital, Delhi, 28 states and eight union territories. The central government has exclusive jurisdiction over all matters of national interest such as defence, communication, banking and currency, international trade and foreign affairs. The state governments have primary responsibility for matters such as law and order, education, health and agriculture.
The Indian rupee (INR) is the country’s currency. The country’s banking system is controlled and monitored by the Reserve Bank of India (Reserve Bank).
The functions of the Reserve Bank are divided into two distinct areas:
• The Issue department, which looks after issues of currency
• The Banking department, which regulates and supervises Indian banking.
The commercial banking system in India is fully developed with over 150 commercial banks which together have more than 110,000 offices/branches in various parts of the country.
The taxation system in India is such that the taxes are levied by the Central Government and the State Governments. Some minor taxes are also levied by the local authorities such as the Municipality and the Local Governments.
The Indian economy is rapidly integrating with the world economy. A foreign investor who wishes to undertake business in India will find tremendous opportunities. The country’s industrial policy offers a great deal of freedom to businesses and entrepreneurs to make their own investment decisions.
The central government’s liberalisation and economic reforms programme aims at rapid and substantial growth and integration with the global economy in a harmonised manner.
Industrial policy reforms have reduced industrial licensing requirements, removed restrictions on investments and expansion and facilitated easy access to foreign technology and foreign direct investment (FDI).
Investment in Indian companies can be made both by a foreign person (including individuals and entities) as well as resident Indian entities. Any non-resident investment in an Indian company is foreign direct investment (FDI). Investment by resident Indian entities could again comprise both resident and nonresident investment. Thus, an Indian company would have indirect foreign investment if the Indian investing company has foreign investment in it. Indirect investment can also be a cascading investment i.e. through multi-layered structure.
Foreign investments in an Indian company include all types of foreign investment i.e.:
• Equity instruments comprising of equity shares, convertible debentures, fully compulsorily
mandatorily convertible preference shares and share warrants issued by an Indian company
• Investment by foreign portfolio investors (FPI)
• Non-resident Indian (NRI)
• Securities other than capital instruments
• Investment in LLPs
• Investment by Foreign Venture Capital Funds (FVCIs)
• Indian Depository Receipts (IDRs).
Guidelines have been laid down for the calculation of total foreign investment i.e. direct and indirect foreign investment in, transfer of ownership and control in, and downstream investments by, an Indian company. Besides the entry conditions on foreign investment, the investment/investors need to conform to all relevant sector laws, regulations, rules etc. National security/internal security-related conditions (as contained in relevant statutes) will also have to be complied with. State governments/union territories have regulations in relation to matters in their legislative domain. These conditions also have to be met/complied with.
The Intellectual Property India is administered by the Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks (CGPDTM). This is a subordinate office of the Government of India and administers the Indian law of Patents, Designs, Trade Marks and Geographical Indications.
The law of India refers to the system of law across the Indian nation. India maintains a hybrid legal system with a mixture of civil, common law and customary, Islamic ethics, or religious law within the legal framework inherited from the colonial era and various legislation first introduced by the British are still in effect in modified forms today. Since the drafting of the Indian Constitution, Indian laws also adhere to the United Nations guidelines on human rights law and the environmental law.
India has a well-established and independent judicial system. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of appeal at New Delhi and high courts in the states along with subsidiary district courts enforce the rule of law and ensure the fundamental rights of citizens, which are guaranteed by the Constitution.
Our law firm VLO provides legal services for corporate and private clients in India. These services include mergers and acquisitions, business and debt restructuring, tax and tax disputes, corporate disputes, investments, bankruptcy, litigation and arbitration.
If you have questions, please us right now.
E-mail: vlolawfirm@gmail.com
India