Canada
A highly developed country, Canada has the 24th highest nominal per-capita income globally and the sixteenth-highest ranking in the Human Development Index.
Canada officially bilingual at the federal level. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, and education. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries.
Its advanced economy is the ninth-largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Canada is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations, NATO, the G7, the Group of Ten, the G20, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Commonwealth of Nations, the Arctic Council, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and the Organization of American States.
It is one of the least corrupt countries in the world, and is one of the world's top ten trading nations, with a highly globalized economy. Canada has a mixed economy ranking above the U.S. and most western European nations on The Heritage Foundation's Index of Economic Freedom, Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy. Atlantic Canada possesses vast offshore deposits of natural gas, and Alberta also hosts large oil and gas resources. The vastness of the Athabasca oil sands and other assets results in Canada having a 13 percent share of global oil reserves, comprising the world's third-largest share after Venezuela and Saudi Arabia. Canada is additionally one of the world's largest suppliers of agricultural products; the Canadian Prairies are one of the most important global producers of wheat, canola, and other grains. The federal Department of Natural Resources provides statistics regarding its major exports; the country is a leading exporter of zinc, uranium, gold, nickel, platinoids, aluminum, steel, iron ore, coking coal, lead, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, and cadmium. Many towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, are sustainable because of nearby mines or sources of timber. Canada also has a sizeable manufacturing sector centred in southern Ontario and Quebec, with automobiles and aeronautics representing particularly important industries.
An important distinction exists between doing business “in Canada” (generally considered to result in a Canadian tax presence) and doing business “with Canada” (which can often be accomplished without any Canadian tax presence).
A business may be carried on in Canada directly by a non-Canadian (through what is known as a “branch office”) or indirectly through the establishment of a separate Canadian entity.
A Canadian entity can be established in a number of ways: creating a corporation (incorporated under the federal laws of Canada or one of its provinces or territories) or a partnership (formed under one of the provinces or territories); acquiring an existing Canadian entity; or joint venture with a Canadian entity.
Both operational and tax considerations are critical in determining what form of entity will carry on business in Canada.
Sending foreign based employees to Canada or hiring Canadian employees to solicit business or sign agreements in Canada on behalf of the foreign entity could result in the foreign entity being considered to be carrying on business in Canada and subject to Canadian tax.
Canada provides statutory protection for patents, trademarks, copyright and industrial designs, and common law protection for trade secrets and against passing off. The relative importance of each of these rights depends primarily on the type of protection that is required and the kinds of third-party activities that are of concern.
The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law of the country, and consists of written text and unwritten conventions. Canada’s legal system is comprised of two distinct systems of law: the “civil law” system in Québec and a “common law” system in all other provinces and territories.
The common law system, which originated in the United Kingdom, is a system of rules based on the principle of “precedent”.
Whenever a decision maker creates a judgment intended to be legally enforceable, the opinion becomes a precedent. Precedents are used to decide similar cases in the future so that decision-makers will derive similar and predictable outcomes.
The common law exists solely in case law and cannot be found in a codified form. Alternatively, the civil law system in Québec finds its origins in Roman law. The civil law system holds jurisprudence to be subordinate to statutory
Our law firm VLO provides legal services for corporate and private clients in Canada. These services include mergers and acquisitions, business and debt restructuring, tax and tax disputes, corporate disputes, investments, bankruptcy, litigation and arbitration.
If you have questions, please us right now.
E-mail: vlolawfirm@gmail.com
Canada officially bilingual at the federal level. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, and education. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries.
Its advanced economy is the ninth-largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Canada is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations, NATO, the G7, the Group of Ten, the G20, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Commonwealth of Nations, the Arctic Council, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and the Organization of American States.
It is one of the least corrupt countries in the world, and is one of the world's top ten trading nations, with a highly globalized economy. Canada has a mixed economy ranking above the U.S. and most western European nations on The Heritage Foundation's Index of Economic Freedom, Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy. Atlantic Canada possesses vast offshore deposits of natural gas, and Alberta also hosts large oil and gas resources. The vastness of the Athabasca oil sands and other assets results in Canada having a 13 percent share of global oil reserves, comprising the world's third-largest share after Venezuela and Saudi Arabia. Canada is additionally one of the world's largest suppliers of agricultural products; the Canadian Prairies are one of the most important global producers of wheat, canola, and other grains. The federal Department of Natural Resources provides statistics regarding its major exports; the country is a leading exporter of zinc, uranium, gold, nickel, platinoids, aluminum, steel, iron ore, coking coal, lead, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, and cadmium. Many towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, are sustainable because of nearby mines or sources of timber. Canada also has a sizeable manufacturing sector centred in southern Ontario and Quebec, with automobiles and aeronautics representing particularly important industries.
An important distinction exists between doing business “in Canada” (generally considered to result in a Canadian tax presence) and doing business “with Canada” (which can often be accomplished without any Canadian tax presence).
A business may be carried on in Canada directly by a non-Canadian (through what is known as a “branch office”) or indirectly through the establishment of a separate Canadian entity.
A Canadian entity can be established in a number of ways: creating a corporation (incorporated under the federal laws of Canada or one of its provinces or territories) or a partnership (formed under one of the provinces or territories); acquiring an existing Canadian entity; or joint venture with a Canadian entity.
Both operational and tax considerations are critical in determining what form of entity will carry on business in Canada.
Sending foreign based employees to Canada or hiring Canadian employees to solicit business or sign agreements in Canada on behalf of the foreign entity could result in the foreign entity being considered to be carrying on business in Canada and subject to Canadian tax.
Canada provides statutory protection for patents, trademarks, copyright and industrial designs, and common law protection for trade secrets and against passing off. The relative importance of each of these rights depends primarily on the type of protection that is required and the kinds of third-party activities that are of concern.
The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law of the country, and consists of written text and unwritten conventions. Canada’s legal system is comprised of two distinct systems of law: the “civil law” system in Québec and a “common law” system in all other provinces and territories.
The common law system, which originated in the United Kingdom, is a system of rules based on the principle of “precedent”.
Whenever a decision maker creates a judgment intended to be legally enforceable, the opinion becomes a precedent. Precedents are used to decide similar cases in the future so that decision-makers will derive similar and predictable outcomes.
The common law exists solely in case law and cannot be found in a codified form. Alternatively, the civil law system in Québec finds its origins in Roman law. The civil law system holds jurisprudence to be subordinate to statutory
Our law firm VLO provides legal services for corporate and private clients in Canada. These services include mergers and acquisitions, business and debt restructuring, tax and tax disputes, corporate disputes, investments, bankruptcy, litigation and arbitration.
If you have questions, please us right now.
E-mail: vlolawfirm@gmail.com
